What is (are) & (were) 'White Privilege' (s)?

What is (are) & (were) 'White Privilege' (s)?

Generational Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices.

List of the Present Racist Policies, Institutions and Practices that created ‘White Privilege.’

These benefactors and their offspring continue to benefit from these policies, institutions and practices.

In order to keep things as current and in perspective as possible, no racist policies, institutions or practices will pre-date WW2.

Is your grandfather a veteran? How did your granddad get his house? Who paid for his college education?

What about your mom or dad? Are they college graduate? Grew up in a middle class neighborhood?

Have they ever received a lone from the bank? Or able to open a small business? And so on.

These benefits of those bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices. Enable the recipients of such benefits to pass down such benefits to next generations. While the lack of said benefits were also passed down to next generations as well.

REDLINING: In the United States and Canada, redlining is the systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices. - Wikipedia

SEGREGATION: (Separate but equal, Legal doctrine), Racial segregation provides a means of maintaining the economic advantages and superior social status of the politically dominant group, and in recent times it has been employed primarily by white populations to maintain their ascendancy over other groups by means of legal and social color bars.

- britannica.com

THE G.I. BILL: College Education and, housing and loans

Officially the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, the G.I. Bill was created to help veterans of World War II. It established hospitals, made low-interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools.

- history.com/topics/world-war-ii

WHITE PRIVILEGE: Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices.

BENEFITS OF THE G.I. BILL: (WHITES ONLY)

HOME OWNERSHIP: (Low-interest Mortgages) There are many reasons owning a home is important, and most of them stem from the fact that a home is an asset and paying a mortgage increases your equity in that asset, which is better than paying rent. ... Even though a mortgage is a debt, it is “good” debt, because it is tied to an asset (the house).

- missionfed.com/blog/why-owning-home-important

Black veterans weren't able to make use of the housing provisions of the GI Bill because banks generally wouldn't make loans for mortgages in Black neighborhoods, and African-Americans were excluded from the suburbs by a combination of deed covenants and informal racism.

- demos.org/blog/how-gi-bill-left-out-african-americans

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: Stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools. These communities tend to be historically disadvantaged and oppressed. More times than not, individuals belonging to these marginalized groups are also denied access to the schools with abundant resources. Inequality leads to major differences in the educational success or efficiency of these individuals and ultimately suppresses social and economic mobility.

WHITE PRIVILEGE: Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices.

JUSTICE SYSTEM: (Policing, Imprisonment): African Americans represent 44 percent of all incarcerated people in state and federal prison cells. Racial minorities made up about 37.4 percent of the general population in the US and 46.6 percent of armed and unarmed victims, but they made up 62.7 percent of unarmed people killed by police. 60% of police stops were of Africans Americans. Once stopped, African Americans were significantly more likely to be handcuffed, searched, and arrested (Hetey, Monin, Maitreyi, & Eberhardt, 2016). During their lifetime, 1 in 3 African American males can expect to be imprisoned compared with 1 in 17 White males.

- cpjustice.org/uploads/Policing_Black_Communities

- vox.com/police-shootings-killings-racism-racial-disparities

- journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/

WHITE FLIGHT AND THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM:

White flight is a term that originated in the United States, starting in the 1950s and 1960s, and applied to the large-scale migration of people of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions.

THE FOUNDATION OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAYS 1956: Racial discrimination dominated the highest echelons of government planning. Robert Moses (Transportation pioneer)

was perhaps the most outspoken critic of racial inclusion and his projects often hurt minority groups more dramatically than white Americans. In one interview, Moses even complained that, “They expect me to build playgrounds for that scum floating up from Puerto Rico.” The unapologetic rhetoric employed by Moses was common among many transportation engineers who saw the destruction of minority communities as the inevitable cost of American progress.

REDLINING: There were people who couldn’t move to the suburbs. African Americans were denied home loans by the federal government in certain areas, a practice called redlining.

- wikipedia.org/wiki/White_flight

- theatlantic.com/business/archive/role-of-highways-in-american-poverty

- sciences.buffalo.edu/-Segregation-Along-Highway-Lines

WHITE PRIVILEGE: Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices.

In order to prove white privilege a persons or more particularly their family's history must be well known fact or studied.

Are minority programs like affirmative action, the civil rights bill, black or brown privilege? No. why? These policies were not activated with racist intent.

WHAT DOES ALL THIS HAVE TO DO WITH WHITES OF TODAY?

THE CONTINUATION OF 'WHITE PRIVILEGE'(S):

HOUSING: Nationally, 63.9 percent of Americans owned a home in 2017, the Harvard report shows. The white home ownership rate reached 72.9 percent, up from 72.2 percent a year earlier. The Hispanic home ownership rate reached 46.2 percent, up from 45.5 percent in 2016. Black Home ownership rate, 43.6%

- washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/the-heartbreaking-decrease-inblack-homeownership

- eyeonhousing.org/2019/03/homeownership-rates-by-race-and-ethnicity/

CONTINUING DISPARITIES IN HOME OWNERSHIP:

Home ownership equals equity, higher education equals higher salary, which allows to be pasted on to recipients children. Sadly, this works both ways. Hines…

THE CONTINUATION AND PRIVILEGES OF 'WHITE FLIGHT':

White american departures were aided, in part, by the growth of the highway system. But they were also motivated by race, as schools and neighborhoods started to desegregate. Now that more minorities are moving into the suburbs themselves -- a majority of minority residents of major metropolitan areas now live in suburbs, according to the Brookings Institution -- white flight is happening all over again. - governing.com/topics/urban/gov-white-flight-suburb

- ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles 2018

THE CONTINUATION OF RACISM WITHIN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM:

Racial Disparities in Suspensions Persist, Even in Preschool

Minority Children Less Likely to Be Identified as Gifted

Students of Color Less Likely to Have Qualified Teachers

- thoughtco.com/how-racism-affects-public-school-minorities

Much of educational inequality is attributed to economic disparities that often falls along racial lines and much modern conversation about educational equity conflates the two, showing how they are inseparable from residential location and, more recently, language. Educational inequality between white students and minority students continues to perpetuate social and economic inequality. - Wikipedia educational inequality

WHITE PRIVILEGE: Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices.

CONTINUED RACIAL DISCREPANCIES IN THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES & FUNDS BETWEEN WHITE AND MINORITY SCHOOL DISTRICTS:

We find that, on average, poor and minority students receive between 1-2 percent more resources than non-poor or white students in their districts, equivalent to about $65 per pupil. Although average within-district spending on poor and minority students is positive, not all districts spend more money on these students—in the most unequal districts, they receive between $300-$500 less per pupil. - brookings.edu/blog/do-school-districts-spend-less-money-on-poor-and-minority-students/

CONTINUED RACIAL DISPARITIES LOANS & SMALL BUSINESSES:

A 2016 study by Biz2Credit, an online marketplace for small-business funding, showed that minority-owned firms are less likely to receive loans than non-minority firms and, in fact, are more likely not to apply for loans due to rejection fears, according to findings from the U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Agency. If they do get loans, minority-owned firms are more likely to receive lower loan amounts than non-minority firms and pay higher interest rates on business loans.

- americanbanker.com/opinion/small-business-lending-has-a-diversity-problem

THE GENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF REDLINING:

Mortgage approvals and home values in black neighborhoods look the same as they did decades ago, before the passage of the landmark fair housing law.

- citylab.com/equity/how-the-fair-housing-act-failed-black-homeowners

Did all whites benefit, or do all whites benefit from Generational Benefactors of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices? No.

Is white privilege used as a stereotype? Yes. Should whites be berated or discriminated or shunned because of bygone & present racist policies, institutions and practices? No.

But based on these facts, does the term 'white privilege' exist and hold validity? Yes.

-jonathan d riley www.whytheracecardisplayed.com

www.patreon.com/theiconiumfoundation